Cycling Stamina and Strength: The S4 Framework
I first encountered a version of this mantra years ago in the archives of Peak Performance (pponline.co.uk), likely penned by Owen Anderson. It remains an elegant way to visualize development.
The Hub: Consistency
At the center of everything is Consistency. Without a solid hub, the spokes have nothing to hold onto. Consistency is what turns a single hard ride into a lasting physiological adaptation.

Spoke 1: Building Cycling Stamina
Stamina is often misunderstood as just “riding long.” In the Garmin ecosystem, Real-Time Stamina is a powerful metric that visualizes your capacity.
Think of a graph where the Y-axis represents your Stamina Capacity:
- The Beginner: Someone just starting out has a low Y-axis value. Their “tank” is small.
- The Growth: As your Garmin Fitness (VO2 Max) improves, that Y-axis literally grows. You start your rides with a higher capacity.
This is why Heart Rate Zones 1 and 2 are critically important for those wanting to maximize their cycling stamina and strength. High-intensity work is flashy, but “perpetual base training” builds the mitochondrial density required to expand your engine.
Spoke 2: Developing Cycling Strength
Strength isn’t just the number of watts you can mash into the pedals. We view strength as a holistic metric—the resilience of your entire kinetic chain.
To be a truly strong cyclist, you must care for your bones and muscles off the bike. Because cycling is non-weight-bearing, plyometrics and resistance training are non-negotiable.
Expert Resource: For a deep dive into building this specific resilience, check out Tracy Christenson’s book, Suspension Fitness for Cycling.
Spoke 3: Speed
Speed is the result of your cycling stamina and strength working in tandem. You cannot have sustainable speed without the aerobic engine, and you cannot have explosive speed without the muscular platform.
Spoke 4: Skill
The final spoke is Skill. This is your bike handling—your ability to corner at speed and descend with confidence. There are ways to improve skill with me remotely, but it helps to be physiologically fit first.
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