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More Fun With Garmin EPOC

Garmin EPOC – A definition

Garmin Exercise Load Chart 4 Weeks
Garmin uses ‘Load’ and ‘EPOC’ synonymously. Here, in Column 4, you can see multiple ‘Load’ values, and the corresponding ‘Primary Benefit’, which is the topic of this post.

Since restarting regular training in February, I’ve come to enjoy the Garmin Connect Ecosystem and Garmin EPOC. EPOC is an acronym that stands for: “Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption”. It means this: When you exercise, you burn fat and carbs. The ratios of fat and carbs burned for fuel, depend on cardio-vascular intensities. AFTER the workout, Oxidation, or fat-burning, is important. The amount and duration of fat-burning after an exercise can be assumed via EPOC. Garmin’s EPOC is based on the work of a company called ‘FirstBeat’, which has been studying metabolics and heart rate variability since the turn of the Century and before. Most Garmin Fitness Products these days have EPOC built into the firmware.

Garmin EPOC Assesses Points for a ‘Scoring’ System

Garmin Connect Exercise Load EPOC on Mobile App
You can find the EPOC score under Garmin Connect, by looking in the ‘Stats’ section of an uploaded or synced ride. EPOC and ‘Load’ are Synonymous.

EPOC is work, measured in Kilojoules and Calories, and then scored in a points system. It’s also called ‘Load’. The score is accumulated with time and intensity. Low intensity work translates into scores rising slowly. High intensity work means the scores will rise more quickly.

‘Load Focus’ Over A Rolling 28 Days

In Garmin Connect, I began to notice that before and after workouts, the 28-day ‘Load Focus’ would change, based on daily EPOC scores, as well as the intensities. For general fitness purposes, the ‘Load Focus’ reveals EPOC points, accumulated in three different zones:

  • Low Aerobic
  • High Aerobic
  • Anaerobic

Every ride leads to gains in any of these three zones, and losses as the 28-day window ‘time’s out’. This helps people understand the benefits of consistency, and it can help them better assess their conditioning needs.

How to find ‘Load Focus’ in the Garmin Connect App.

***This is for the iPhone version of Garmin Connect. I own an Android, but have not updated it in months. If asked, I’ll append a new post with that information and directions. Thanks ***

Open your Garmin Connect App, then click on ‘•••’ on the bottom right hand corner.

Next, tap on ‘Performance Stats’.

Tap on ‘Training Status’.

And then, tap on ‘Load’.

You’ll get three horizontal bars, highlighting ‘Load Focus’ (EPOC) points at different intensities.

Load Focus and EPOC

The chart for ‘Load Focus‘ shows the accumulated, 28-day totals, for EPOC in the three zones. The zones are color-coded, and include an oval ‘Optimal Range‘. I’ll be honest. I have NO IDEA where this value comes from, or how it changes. I’ve asked Garmin for more information. I SUSPECT it’s related to the Acute Training Load, Chronic Training Load, and even Sleep Scores and Sleep Strain Scores. However, that’s pure conjecture. Still, it’s not a bad algorithm for cardio fitness!

Here’s a chart of mine from last week.

Garmin Load Focus EPOC
This was taken prior to a midweek workout. You can see that my conditioning is ‘Balanced’, and all of the EPOC 28-day summaries are within the ‘Optimal Range’ ovals.

 

Now, the workout consisted of multiple 75-second intervals at high intensity, with a 150-second recovery (1:2 w/r ratio), and lasted roughly an hour.

Garmin Connect Power & Heart Rate Chart Connect APP
This is what the wattage and heart rate chart are from this indoor workout.

When we look at a post I made earlier this year on Garmin’s Post-Ride Analysis Reports, EPOC dictates Aerobic and Anaerobic Training Effect. In the “Olden Days”, I would look at time spent in different heart rate zones, to make an assessment about just what a workout might have accomplished. Adding EPOC points and simplifying training zones to, “Breathing, Heaving, Gasping”, adds another degree of interpretation to the information.

Garmin Connect Heart Rate Zone Workout Results
This 60 minute workout included 26 minutes in ‘Zone 2’, just under 5 minutes in Zone 5, and over 10 minutes in Zone 4. The EPOC for this ride was 295 points.

 

Post-Ride EPOC Zone Placement

With a hard workout that included a lot of time in Heart Rate Zones 4 and 5, almost 25% of the entire ride, EPOC ended up at 295 points. You’ve seen the ‘Before’ chart, now, let’s compare the ‘after’ chart, and see where those ‘Load’ points went.

Garmin Load Focus EPOC
EPOC Prior to the Workout.

 

Post Dec 6 Garmin EPOC Load Focus Placement
Here’s the Post-Ride Garmin EPOC Load Focus.

Out of 295 Points Earned on this workout, 139 of them were added to the ‘Anaerobic’ zone. FirstBeat does not publish their algorithm, but 139 points is just under one point for every second spent in ZONE 5 of my heart rate intensity.

For the ‘High Aerobic Load’, 155 of the 295 points were placed in that zone. This was enough to skew my Load Focus from ‘Balanced’ to ‘High Aerobic’.

Notice also that ‘Low Aerobic’ did not move. It remained at 1066 points for the 28 days. This leads me to wonder if the points are not assessed position until after the workout is completed. This would make sense.

CONCLUSION – EPOC Is A Scoring System That Works With Heart Rate (and Wattage) To More Accurately Assess Fitness Improvements

I always suspected that EPOC scores directly affected Acute Training Load and Load Focus. I’ll try to assess just how Load changes the Acute Training Load in Garmin Connect in another post. For now, however, it’s just fun to see how a ride with varying intensities of heart rate and power, changes assessments in Garmin Connect. I like EPOC. It’s got the backing of Dozens of studies. The earliest I found has been 1992, and I believe FirstBeat was founded in 2002. EPOC is built into the Garmin Connect Ecosystem. As technology measuring heart rate and heart rate variability has improved, the algorithms for EPOC have also improved.

I think there’s something ‘there’, there, and my clients are enjoying the combination of heart rate, heart rate variability, and power, for a more Holistic approach to cardio fitness on bikes!

Thanks for reading, and ENJOY THE RIDE!

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SmO2 and Base

The Moxy’s SmO2 Sensor Helps Make Base Training Even More Effective

SmO2 and Base Richard Wharton Online Bike Coach Garmin Connect Image 1
Saturated Muscle Oxygen can make Base Training even more effective. Look for a rise in SmO2 at a known low intensity. Then, gently raise the intensity to find that SmO2 ‘sweet spot’ of aerobic training.

 
 

This week on my VQ Velocity Virtual Studio, we are focusing on a week of Periodization and Taper. We are not performing hard intervals, but instead, we are focusing on easier rides. I wear my Moxy for all my rides, but most of the time, I focus on Desaturation and Resaturation. This blog post is about SmO2 and Base training. We can use the Garmin Connect Ecosystem to highlight the PHYSIOLOGICAL BENEFITS of low-intensity rides.

SmO2 and Base Oxygen Saturation Levels

SmO2 and Base Richard Wharton Online Bike Coach Garmin Connect ThB Image 2
When you first start a ride, the body just isn’t ready for the strain. With proper warmup and vasodilation, SmO2 rises, ThB declines, and you’re achieving the benefits of ‘Base’!

SmO2 (Saturated Muscle Oxygen) readings show cyclists just how much Oxygen Supply is in the muscles. When a cyclist is riding for BASE, there should be plenty of oxygen available. As a ride progresses, the body warms up, and the blood vessels dilate. This offers the muscles more available oxygen. Think of SmO2 as ‘Volts’ in a car battery. When there’s a heavy draw on the engine (Demand), the volts may drop, like when the ignition is engaged. On electric vehicles, computers monitor watts (torque), volts, and Amps. I compare Amps with Total Hemoglobin, which I’ll discuss later in this post.

SmO2 and Base Richard Wharton Online Bike Coach Garmin Connect ThB Image 4
Patented Warmup. Create just a wee bit of strain, then recover, and watch your SmO2 and ThB values climb over 20-27 minutes (~200-300 Calories).

Since 2012, when I first started using SmO2 monitors from Moxy, I’ve discovered that SmO2 reveals great information about Base Training. When you first place a Moxy monitor on the left Lateralis, you usually get a reading of about 30-60% SmO2. I call this ‘Active Resting SmO2’. As you warm up, SmO2 will definitely drop a bit. If a cyclist or runner does NOT perform my trademarked Warmup Protocol, SmO2 dilation does NOT reach its’ full potential, and in my opinion, restricts some of the benefits of visualizing this feature. But IF the cyclist DOES perform my Warmup Protocol, then SmO2 can become a highly effective, visual method of visualizing just what Base provides.

Base Training Is an Energy-Positive Ride

Watch this 30-second advertisement for Del Monte Green Beans. Specifically, watch what happens when this young lady goes on a bike ride. This is EXACTLY what a ‘Base’ Ride should provide a cyclist or a runner. It should be ‘Energy Positive’ for mental wellness and spiritual fulfillment. It’s literally the way most of our bike rides should occur. The time you spend out there performing this may depend on goals, etc., but SmO2 can provide a window into exactly what is happening when a ride like this occurs.

SmO2 and Base Lead to Greater ‘Volts’ of Available Power, While Drawing Less ‘Amps’ (ThB) for the Same Amount of Physical Output

In this graph, you can see how my post-warmup Base ride begins with roughly 52% SmO2. While power output changes very little, vasodilation occurs, and available SmO2 rises at roughly the 45:00 mark, with a small dip in power output. The Smo2 continues to rise after that, until I perform a single 1-minute standing effort to change my saddle position.

***Standing Power is INCREDIBLY INEFFICIENT.

If you watch old videos of Alberto Contador, there are times before he had a serious crash, when he would climb seated, and honestly, he was a GC or stage threat. After his crash and long recovery, his body was never the same, and he climbed standing for even longer periods of time. It was very powerful, but very costly. 

However, after that single effort, SmO2 rose further, with little change in power.

Why Did SmO2 Start to Decline at the 1-hour mark?

mO2 and Base Richard Wharton Online Bike Coach Garmin Connect ThB Image 3
This is where I wish I had some coding knowledge. I would build a Garmin app that would run a 1-minute graph of SmO2 and ThB, along with recent Ceilings and Floors, so I could better visualize each parameter and make a more informed choice about intensity and nutrition or hydration.

Right around the 1:05 timeline, SmO2 began to decline. When we use Garmin Connect to zoom in, we can see that it began with a slight rise in power output. This was further exacerbated by another minute of standing and pedaling. SmO2 dropped further. Once I sat down, SmO2 Resaturated, but then continued its’ decline back to around 50%.

Why did this happen? Well, let’s look at the OTHER data point that we get when we ride with a Moxy; ThB.

What is ThB?

ThB stands for ‘Total Hemoglobin’, and it’s based on Millimols per Deciliter of volume. It’s the total count of red blood cells in your overall system. Hemoglobin is a protein that carries Oxygen to the Muscles. It’s another window into the ‘SUPPLY and DEMAND’ side of the SmO2 Equation. The more ThB we have, the more ‘AMPS’ we have available to help provide fresh oxygen to the muscles, to help keep SmO2 high.

Right around the 1:05 mark, when my SmO2 began to decline, Total Hemoglobin, which was declining from minute 33:00 to that point, began to rise. After the final standing moment, it rose further, and rose until I quit the ride at the 1:15 mark. So, SmO2 declines and ThB rises, for the same amount of power.

Now, this is CONJECTURE, because I AM NOT A SCIENTIST. But my own speculation is that I was getting short on blood sugar. I always ride these easier rides in a fasted state. It’s a way to train my body to burn more fat over time, as long as I don’t push too hard. But there are only between 800 and 1200 calories of carbohydrate in the circulatory system at any time, and in the 30 years that I’ve been cycling, my body tends to change at roughly 1200 calories, WITH CARB SUPPLEMENTATION. Without Carb supplementation, I think it’s very feasible to ‘see’ the body switching energy systems or becoming less efficient. At this point, I had burned roughly 800 calories, and had consumed nothing more than water (and probably not enough of that). Hence, ThB rose, SmO2 declined, while power and basic heart rate remained neutral.

Use Your Moxy SmO2 And Keep It HIGH!

SmO2 and Base Richard Wharton Online Bike Coach Garmin Connect ThB Image 5
For roughly the same amount of power, my body responded with less stress. Once I used up my blood sugar (I was in a fasted state), the body began looking elsewhere for energy, and my SmO2 and ThB both changed to become less efficient, while power stayed the same.

My personal SmO2 Floors and Ceilings are as such, but your own zones may vary.

  • My Max Recovery Saturation is at 80%. I rarely get there on an active bike ride, so 70% means my Muscles are being resupplied with fresh Oxygen and are ready for another effort.
  • My Active Base Saturation is between 40 and 70%. When I ride at those SmO2 intensities (remember, harder is lower, easier is higher), my body is using energy to make energy in my  mind, and these are fruitful, fun, functional rides.
  • An SmO2 below 20%, and usually below 17% puts me on ‘BORROWED TIME’, and is my Vo2Max range of intensity. It’s also unustainable for long periods.
  • An SmO2 between 20 and 25% is a great Threshold Intensity for me, regardless of the old-school heart rate and wattage values that have traditionally yielded these zones.

If you really want to get a window into your body, SmO2 (and ThB) provide real-time value to help you optimize your ride. Once you know your numbers, you can always try to track gains in power or loss in weight over time. You can also watch ThB to see if you’re perhaps in need of some carbs, or may even be approaching a bonk.

I’m going to continue to share my observations. If you own a Moxy, let me know if you see similar phenomena. I’d love to learn more.

Thanks for reading, and ENJOY THE RIDE!

Looking For Ways to Improve REM and DEEP Sleep

I Made my Eight-Hour Goal Last Night, But I Know I can Do Better

Yesterday’s ride was refreshing. I may try to get outside again today, but the clock is conspiring against me. Last night, I kept my alcohol consumption down to one glass of wine. I also had a nightcap of 12oz of milk. However, I also popped two Sominex to try and ensure that I would sleep more soundly.

I did get a ’77’ score on my sleep, but time spent in REM and DEEP Sleep were still inadequate. So I looked up different ways to improve on REM and DEEP Sleep, and I’ll implement them over the next several evenings.

I do like the Garmin Connect Health Stats, but I know there are so many ways that this platform could be improved. We need more charts for trends, and there are too many mysteries about just what the data is telling us. I’ll try to increase my hydration, and that means getting some “Pee Strips” to measure stuff.

But I still wonder if my wife and I might not be better served getting a new mattress. I’m intrigued by the ‘Purple’ mattress, and the ‘Nectar’ mattress. This is not how I would ideally like to spend my money, but it may be necessary.

The solution I’m going to try the next several evenings will be the addition of ‘Pink’ Noise. Pink Noise is similar to White noise, except that instead of volume, it uses equal amplitudes. We’ll see how that helps me, along with less alcohol and more hydration throughout the day.

Anyway, not much else to highlight. Thanks for reading, and ENJOY THE RIDE!

75 XSS for 75 Days – 3 Weeks In.

***** THIS DID NOT PUBLISH ON JULY 4th, 2021 LIKE I EXPECTED. PLEASE EXCUSE THE TECHNICAL GLITCH. I AM WORKING ON AN END-OF-JULY REPORT NOW. *******

75 XSS Is Bringing me VOLUME, But What Else Am I Accomplishing?

XSS (Xert Strain Score) is a metric that looks at the time you spend riding, the energy you use, and the intensity with which that energy is spent. Several weeks back, after a great winter and then an odd spring, I announced that I would be aiming for 75 XSS per ride, at least 5 days per week for 75 Days. I’m now 21 days in for my goal. Let’s see where things stand.

Xert Progression Chart

Xert Training Load
The Goal was to earn 75 XSS per day, at least 5 days per week. This is the view of my Training Load as of July 4, 2021

When I self-declared my goal of 75 XSS for 75 Days, I was sitting at an Xert Training Load of 35 XSS. This was on May 26th. On June 20th, I publicly announced my goal, and began to focus on the volume. The Xert Training Load had migrated to 43.8 XSS. At three weeks, XSS is now at 53.4.

Xert Planner Weekly Stats -75 XSS is creating a good Ramp Rate

Xert Planner Weekly Stats
By increasing my AEROBIC LOW INTENSITY RIDES, I’m increasing my XSS/day, pushing my ‘Focus’ further out into the aerobic range, and pushing ‘Polarity’ out to 95-97% sub-threshold efforts.

The Xert Planner Weekly Stats show several other positive markers. The week of May 31st, I accumulated 5.2 hours and averaged 47XSS/Day. Over the next four weeks, hourly volume increased to roughly 10 hours per week. This has led to an average XSS/Day of 78.3 points, and a Ramp Rate of around 3.3 XSS.

Weekly Focus actually migrated OUT towards more aerobic values, but it has remained in the ‘Climber’ category for the past three weeks.

Polarity Ratio remains highly aerobic, with 96 to 97 percent of my rides occurring in the ‘aerobic’ intensity. You may recall in a previous post that I performed three or more DFAA1 HRV Ramp protocols to best determine my TRUE Lower Threshold.

75 XSS and Weight Loss

Using the Garmin Index Smart Scale,  I routinely track my body weight, before and after most rides. MOST of my low-intensity rides have been with a Vo2master gas-exchange analyzer on my face, so I don’t drink for the 90 minutes or so that I am out. I routinely consume 16oz of Preload from NBS Nutrition, as a way to stave off losses due to dehydration, and I also ride at earlier hours to avoid heat stroke (I did suffer a heatstroke in June of 2010, which left me with PERMANENT stroke nerve damage in my right eye – don’t try to pass me on my right side, please).

For myself, 75 XSS translates into about 750 KiloJoules of energy per ride. This is roughly 800, or thereabouts. I’ll have more information on this parameter as the Vo2master feature list grows.

Weight has dropped about 2 KG, which is a nice side effect. Body fat is too low to track, and remains stuck at 7%. Biompedence monitors tend to miss Body Fat Percentages for my Somatotype.

Garmin Index Smart Scale Weight Tracking
With the added 75 XSS, I’m burning over 60g of fat per the Xert Garmin Fat/Carb Field, and it’s starting to show with lowered body mass.

75 XSS and Xert Fitness Signature

75 XSS Xert Progression Chart
Xert Signature Results are trending up in “Lower Training Load”, “Lower Threshold Power”, but they’re flat on “Threshold Power”, and other metrics are less clear.

The Xert Progression Chart includes a number of parameters that have value, but are perhaps poorly explained. The default parameters are: Threshold Power, High Intensity Energy, and Peak Power. Lower Threshold Power is also presented and available. However – Lower Training Load and High Training Load, as well as Focus and Specificity, bear some remarks.

My chart shows some interesting trends:

First – 75 XSS over 5 out of 7 days per week lends itself to at least 350 XSS per week. With several long rides on Sundays, I’ve been averaging closer to 500 points (See chart above). As a result of all this lower intensity work, my LOWER TRAINING LOAD has been steadily rising. Ironically, my HIGH TRAINING LOAD has also been rising. This is a bit of a mystery, given my 95:5 and 97:3 Polarity Ratios.

Second – My “Specificity” has gone from about 31% Polarized, to 43% Polarized, and back down to 29% Polarized. I believe I know where this range came from; my wife and I were mountain biking until mid June, when the drought and fire risk pulled me off my mountain bike – the trails are just too marbly and loose to climb or descend with any confidence. I am now specifically road cycling, and can control my intensity more broadly.

Third – “FOCUS” has bounced from “Climber” to “GC Specialist” and back, as my Fitness Signature continues to meander. “GC Specialist” is in the 8-minute range of intensity, and I believe this has to do with the fact that I cannot climb the 800m, 9.2% climb to my house at much less than 300 watts. This short, 2-3 minute effort completely alters the “FOCUS” of a ride, from “–:–” to “8:00”, depending upon how much time I spend above my 5 to 3 minute MMP (which correctly drifts down as MPA drops above Threshold. )

Fourth – I have NOT spent much time worrying about my Fitness Signature. I did achieve one BT in late May, but the “Focus” has been on 75 XSS. My Signature has not changed much with the added volume, but the weight loss has improved my Power-to-Weight Ratio. My HIE values have dropped a bit, but again, Anaerobic Work Capacity is not a focus at this time – Overall Volume is.

CONCLUSION

75 XSS for 75 Days is a work in progress for me. I am enjoying the Time on the Bike. I’m confident that this is building towards greater capacity and lighter weight. When climbing, I’ve seen some Vo2 values in the low and mid 60’s, which is something I’m excited about as a 51-year old with a 35-year pedigree in endurance activities. I’m going to start working on some more intensity as July Progresses, and will use that to hit my 75 XSS. As August approaches, I’ll try to migrate my Polarity Ratio closer to 90:10, and will attempt breakthroughs more frequently. Perhaps most importantly, I want to set some PR’s on the hill outside my home, and on a Category 1 climb outside of Virginia City, NV.

Thanks for reading, and ENJOY THE RIDE!

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18 Rides With the Fox DPX2 and ShockWiz

The Fox DPX2 With the ShockWiz Suspension Tuner Reveals a LOT of information!

My Quarq ShockWiz connected to my Fox DPX2 Rear Shock
My Quarq ShockWiz connected to my Fox DPX2 Rear Shock

After several months spent on Peavine Peak in Northern Nevada, I have been able to come to several conclusions about my Fox DPX2 Rear Suspension. To review; I have a 2012 Trek Superfly 100 Pro, with just 100mm of rear travel. The front fork is a 2020 Fox 32. When I used the ShockWiz Tuner on the fork, I was able to add spacers and adjust the air until I consistently got about 96 points out of 100 possible points on the ShockWiz app. It DID make a difference in my confidence, competence and comfort when riding.

However, the rear shock, a 2012 Fox RP23, was unable to keep up with the demands of my riding. Therefore, in March of 2021, I replaced the RP23 with a Fox DPX2.

Don’t Use the ShockWiz for just one ride. Use it for a LOT of rides.

ShockWiz Tuner App
Most of my rides have earned between 84 and 96 Points on the ShockWiz Tuner App

The Shockwiz from Quarq is designed to measure compression and rebound via air pressure. I THINK it also looks at G forces, compression and rebound velocity, preload, and time spent airborne. My goal for this experiment was to try and stick to trails that I know, and to be as consistent with the bike and my cycling as possible. I chose the local XC race course as my primary loop. I also performed several shorter loops and a few out-and-back rides, to challenge myself and the rear shock.

One ride alone will give some information, but it is in detecting a long-term TREND from cycling that can determine just how best to tune the DPX2. I chose the DPX2 because it IS infinitely adjustable for compression, rebound, air pressure, and volume. It can also run different oil densities.

The Results

After 18 rides of at least one hour, the ShockWiz Suspension Tuner revealed two major issues that I believe need to be tweaked, but again, I will not perform these tweaks until I earn 20 rides.

Here’s a video with my results so far. Enjoy!

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